Tugas Softskil B.Inggris Marketing Vocabulary

Marketing Vocabulary

1.        AC : (Avarage Cost) Pencatatan Yang Dicatat Berdasarkan Rata-rata

2.        Appeals : Daya Tarik

3.        FIFO : (First In First Out) Barang Yang Pertama Masuk, Barang yang Pertama Keluar

4.        Generaral Ledger : Buku perkiraan

5.        Interim Stetament : Penyusunan Laporan Sementara

6.        Kartu Gudang : Kartu Persediaan

7.        LIFO : (Last In First Out) Barang Yang Masuk Terakhir, Barang Yang Lebih Dahulu Keluar

8.        Letter Of Agreement : Surat Perjanjian

9.        MOU : (Memorendum Of Understanding) Memo Kesepahaman

10 Negoisiator : Orang Yang Melakukan Perundingan

11.    Packaging : Pembungkusan

12.  Perfectual System : Sistem Pencatatan Terus Menerus

13.   Periodic System : Sistem Pencatatan Secara Periodik

14.   Subsidiary Ledger : Buku Pembantu

15. Trading Stamp/Brand : Merek Dagang

16.  Glosarium : Daftar isilah

17.  Customer : Pembeli

18.   Profitabilitas : Keuntungan jangka panjang

19.   SOP : Standar Operating Procedure

20. Wanprestasi : Tidak menepati klausul perjanjian

21.  Retur : Pengembalian

22.  Personal guarantee : Jaminan pribadi

23.     Syarat force majeure : Ketentuan khusus

24.  Notaris : Pejabat pembuat akta

25.    Hibah : Perjanjian pinjaman tanpa pengembalian

26.   CBN : Nama perusahan penyedia layanan internet

27.      Paskabayar : Tagihan pembayaran setelah pemakaian

28.     Prabayar : Pembayaran pemakaian di muka

29.   Call Issuer : Panggil pengola jasa

30.  Declined : Ditolak

31. Do Not Honour : Tidak berlaku

32. Insufficient Fund : Dana tidak mencukupi

33.   Invalid Card : Kartu palsu

34.      Lost Card : Kartu hilang

35.    Pick- up Card : Kartu dalam proses

36.  Stolen Card : Kartu dicuri

37.    Sign up to day : Tentang kami

38.  Member’s Room : Ruang anggota

39.     Online Support : Pendukung saja

40.   Product & service : Pelayanan dan hasil

41.    About Us : Tentang kami

42.       Hot Links : Koneksi ke penyedia lain

43.  Clients : Pelanggan

44.   Movie : Film

45.  E-card : Kartu elektonik

46.      Site Map : Peta situs ( halaman di internet )

47.      Affective : Merubah sikap konsumen

48.    Artifact : Bentuk komunikasi melalui cara manipulasi objek kontak dengan seseorang, misalnya penggunaan parfum, pakaian, lipstik dan lain-lain.

49.    Behavioral : Mendorong konsumen untuk bertindak

50.    Cognitive : Menempatkan sesuatu dalam benak konsumen

51.   Consolidator : Bagian pengumpulan dan pengolongan pesanan

52.  Distinctiveness : Pembeli ingin nampak berbeda dari pembeli lainnya

53.   Environment factor : Penyampaian komunikasi dengan cara dekorasi ruang, lampu dan lain-lain.

54.   Etimologis : Bahasa

55.    Feedback : Umpan balik

56.Gesture : Gerak

57.    Interpretation : Bentuk respon berupa pemberian penjelasan atau pemahaman terhadap berbagai informasi yang disampaikan komunikan

58.    Interdependency : Kesalingtergantungan

59.  Immediacy : Kesiapan

60.   Kontradiktif : Hal –hal yang berlawanan

61.    Kinesic behavior : Jenis komunikasi yang diungkapkan melalui gerakan tubuh

62.   Nervous : Grogi

63.  Non verbal : Bahasa tubuh dan isyarat yang banyak dimengerti oleh suku bangsa

64. Parafrase : Bentuk respon berupa pengembalian isi pesan

65.   Probe : Pemeriksaan atau penyidikan

66.  Para languages : Seseorang mengucapkan sesuatu bukan yang sebenarnya.

67.  Proxemics : Komunikasi yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan ruang personaldan sosial.

68.     Pride of personal appearance : Pembeli ingin merasa bangga, karena penampilan pribadinya

69.   Reliabilitas : Kesinambungan

70.  Respon : Tanggapan

71.   Self disclosure : Penyingkapan diri

72.   Receiving Room : Bagian pengecekan barang dan dokumen

73.  Returns and allowances : Pengambilan dan pengurangan harga

74. Social achivment : Pembeli ingin merasa pencapaian status sosial yang lebih baik

75.  Touching behavior : Komunikasi yang berupa gerakan seperti pukulan, tindakan memegang dan lain-lain.

76.       Treatment : Perlakuan

Direct and Indirect Speech

 Indirect Speech (also referred to as ‘reported speech’) refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. 

1. If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original..

      For example:

v  He said the test was difficult.

v  She said she watched TV every day.

v  Jack said he came to school every day. 

 2. If simple present, present perfect or the future is used in the reporting verb (i.e. says) the tense is retained.

For example:

v  He says the test is difficult.

v  She has said that she watches TV every day.

v  Jack will say that he comes to school every day. 

3. If reporting a general truth the present tense will be retained.

       For example:The teacher said that phrasal verbs are very important.

Changing Pronouns and Time Signifiers

When changing from direct speech to indirect speech, it is often necessary to change the pronouns to match the subject of the sentence.

For example:

Ø  She said, “I want to bring my children.” BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children.

Ø  Jack said, “My wife went with me to the show.” BECOMES Jack said his wife had gone with him to the show.

It is also important to change time words (signifiers) when referring to present, past or future time to match the moment of speaking.

      For example:

Ø  She said, “I want to bring my children tomorrow.” BECOMES She said she wanted to bring her children the next day.

Ø  Jack said, “My wife went with me to the show yesterday.” BECOMESJack said his wife had gone with him to the show the day before. 

Indirect Questions

When reporting questions, it is especially important to pay attention to sentence order. When reporting yes/ no questions connect the reported question using ‘if’. When reporting questions using question words (why, where, when, etc.) use the question word.

        For example:

Ø  She asked, “Do you want to come with me?” BECOMES She asked me if I wanted to come with her.

Ø  Dave asked, “Where did you go last weekend?” BECOMES Dave asked me where I had gone the previous weekend.

Ø  He asked, “Why are you studying English?” BECOMES She asked me why I was studying English.

1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat

Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu terdapat tanda petik (“). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.

Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech, tanda petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata “that” atau “to” (untuk kalimat perintah). Misalnya:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He said, “I have a present for you in my bag.“	He said that he had a present for me in his bag.
02	He asked me, “why do you come late.“	He asked me why I came late.
03	He orderd me, “don’t bring a bag.“	He ordered me to didn’t bring a bag.

Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya “yes-no question” maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	They asked me, “Do you want to join us to play football?”	They asked me if/whether I want to join them to play football.
02	He asked me, “Does she want to mary me?”	He asked me if/whether she wants to mary her.

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who, What, When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan cara sebagai berikut:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He asked me, “why do you come late?”	He asked me why you came late.
02	He asked me, “what does she eat?”	He asked me what she ate.
03	He asked me, “when did you come?”	He asked me when I came.
04	He asked me, “who are you?”	He asked me who I was.
05	He asked me, “who is she?”	He asked me who she was.

2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)

Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel perubahan tensis agar mudah dimengerti.

Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect speech.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	Simple Present	Simple Past
02	Present Continuous	Past Continuous
03	Present Future	Past Future
04	Present Perfect	Past Perfect
05	Present Perfect Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
06	Simple Past	Past Perfect
07	Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous

Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	V1 (eat)	V2 (ate)
02	V2 (ate)	Had + V3 (had eaten)
03	Am/is/are	Was/were
04	Do/does	Did
05	Do/does not	Did not
06	Did not	Had not + V3
07	Was/were	Had been
08	Am/is/are + V-ing	Was/were + V-ing
09	Was/were +V-ing	Had been + V-ing
10	Has/have + V3	Had + V3
11	Will/shall/can/may/must	Would/should/could/might/had to
12	Could/might/should/would + V1/be	Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

3. Perubahan Pronoun

Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang dipakai di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi perubahan pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).

·         Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat penjelasan di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted speech.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He said, ‘I am busy.’	He said that he was busy.
02	She said, ‘I am unwell.’	She said that she was unwell.
03	I said, ‘I will be late.’	I said that I would be late.
04	They said, ‘We will not permit this.’	They said that they would not permit that.
05	We said, ‘We need to buy some clothes.’	We said that we needed to buy some clothes.

·         Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct speech berubah sesuai objek pada reported speech.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He said to me, ‘You have to come with me.’	He told me that I had to go with him.
02	She said to me, ‘You can go.’	She told me that I could go.
03	She said to him, ‘You can go.’	She told him that he could go.

·         Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech tidak mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	He said, ‘She is a good girl.’	He said that she was a good girl.
02	She said, ‘They have invited us.’	She said that they had invited them.
03	They said, ‘He does not have the necessary qualifications.’	They said that he did not have the necessary qualifications.

4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place)

Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb of place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah ini.

No	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
01	Now	Then
02	To day	That day
03	Tomorrow	The next day The day after The following day A day later
04	Next …	The … after The following …
05	Last …	The … before The Previous …
06	… ago	… before … earlier
07	Yesterday	The day before The previous day The preceeding day
08	The day before yesterday	Two day before
09	Here	There
10	This	That
11	These	Those

Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas.

	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
(+)	He said, “I have a present for you in my bag. here”	He said that he had a present for me in his bag there.
(-)	He said, “I do not have a present for you in my bag”	He said that he did not have a present for me in his bag.
(?)	He asked, “Do I have a present for you in my bag?”	He asked me if/whether he had a present for me in his bag.
(?)	He asked me, “ Why do I have to have a present for you in my bag?	He asked me why he had to have a present for me in his bag.
(!)	He ordered/commanded me, “Bring my bag here now!”	He ordered/commanded me to bring his bag there then.
(!)	He ordered me, “Don’t bring your bag here!”	He ordered me not to bring my bag there.